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Wild Westing
Wild Westing was the term used by Native Americans for their performing with Buffalo Bill’s Wild West and similar shows. Between 1887 and World War I, over 1,000 Native Americans went “Wild Westing.”〔See, E.H. Gohl, (Tyagohwens), “The Effect of Wild Westing”, ''The Quarterly Journal of the Society of American Indians'', Washington, D.C., Volume 2, 1914, p.226-228. Heppler, (“Buffalo Bill’s Wild West and the Progressive Image of American Indians” ). Other major shows included Pawnee Bill, Cummins Wild West, Miller’s 101 Ranch and Sells-Floto Circus.〕 Most were Oglala Lakota (''Oskate Wicasa'') from their reservation in Pine Ridge, South Dakota, the first Lakota people to perform in these shows.〔Michele Delaney, (“Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Warriors: A Photographic History by Gertrude Kasebier, Smithsonian National Museum of American History” ), (hereinafter “Delaney”) (2007), p.21. “Wild West Shows and Images”, p.xiii.〕 During a time when the Bureau of Indian Affairs was intent on promoting Native assimilation, Col. William Frederick Cody ("Buffalo Bill") used his influence with U.S. government officials to secure Native American performers for his Wild West. Col. Cody treated Native American employees as equals with white cowboys.
Wild Westers received good wages, transportation, housing, abundant food, and gifts of cash and clothing at the end of each season. Wild Westing was very popular with the Lakota people and benefited their families and communities. Wild Westing offered opportunity and hope during time when people believed Native Americans were a vanishing race whose only hope for survival was rapid cultural transformation. Americans and Europeans continue to have a great interest in Native peoples and enjoy modern Pow-wow culture, traditional Native Americans skills; horse culture, ceremonial dancing and cooking; and buying Native American art, music and crafts. First begun in Wild West shows, Pow-wow culture is popular with Native Americans throughout the United States and a source of tribal enterprise. Wild Westers still perform in movies, pow-wows, pageants and rodeos. Some Oglala Lakota people carry on family show business traditions from ancestors who first worked for Buffalo Bill and other Wild West shows.
== Vanishing race ==
During the Progressive Era of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there was an explosion of public interest in Native American culture and imagery. Newspapers, dime-store novels, Wild West shows, and public exhibitions portrayed Native Americans as a “vanishing race.” Their numbers had decreased since the Indian Wars, and survivors were struggling with poverty and constraints on Indian reservations. American and European anthropologists, who represented a new field, historians, linguists, journalists, photographers, portraitists and early movie-makers believed they had to study western Native American peoples. Many researchers and artists lived on government reservations for extended periods to study Native Americans before they “vanished.” Their inspired effort heralded the “Golden Age of the Wild West.” Photographers included Gertrude Käsebier, Frank A. Rinehart, Edward Curtis, Jo Mora and John Nicholas Choate, while portraitists included Elbridge Ayer Burbank, Charles M. Russell and John Hauser.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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